Infrared spectroscopy correlation table Totally Explained

Everything about Infrared Spectroscopy Correlation Table totally explained

In physical and analytical chemistry, infrared spectroscopy ("IR spectroscopy") is a technique used to identify chemical compounds based on how infrared radiation is absorbed by the compounds' chemical bonds. This article is an IR spectroscopy correlation table that lists some general absorption peaks for common types of atomic bonds and functional groups. Note that this information is unreferenced, and may not be accurate.
The absorptions in this range don't apply only to bonds in organic molecules. IR spectroscopy is useful when it comes to analysis of inorganic compounds (such as metal complexes or fluoromanganates) as well.

Bond	Type of bond	Specific type of bond	Absorption peak	Appearance
C─H	alkyl	methyl	1260 cm⁻¹	strong
			1380 cm⁻¹	weak
			2870 cm⁻¹	medium to strong
			2960 cm⁻¹	medium to strong
		methylene	1470 cm⁻¹	strong
			2850 cm⁻¹	medium to strong
			2925 cm⁻¹	medium to strong
		methine	2890 cm⁻¹	weak
	vinyl	C═CH₂	900 cm⁻¹	strong
			2975 cm⁻¹	medium
			3080 cm⁻¹	medium
		C═CH	3020 cm⁻¹	medium
		monosubstituted alkenes	900 cm⁻¹	strong
		monosubstituted alkenes	990 cm⁻¹	strong
		cis-disubstituted alkenes	670–700 cm⁻¹	strong
		trans-disubstituted alkenes	965 cm⁻¹	strong
		trisubstituted alkenes	800–840 cm⁻¹	strong to medium
	aromatic	benzene/sub. benzene	3070 cm⁻¹	weak
		monosubstituted benzene	700–750 cm⁻¹	strong
		monosubstituted benzene	690–710 cm⁻¹	strong
		ortho-disub. benzene	750 cm⁻¹	strong
		meta-disub. benzene	750–800 cm⁻¹	strong
		meta-disub. benzene	860–900 cm⁻¹	strong
		para-disub. benzene	800–860 cm⁻¹	strong
	alkynes	any	3300 cm⁻¹	medium
	aldehydes	any	2720 cm⁻¹	medium
	aldehydes	any	2820 cm⁻¹	medium
C─C	acyclic C─C	monosub. alkenes	1645 cm⁻¹	medium
		1,1-disub. alkenes	1655 cm⁻¹	medium
		cis-1,2-disub. alkenes	1660 cm⁻¹	medium
		trans-1,2-disub. alkenes	1675 cm⁻¹	medium
		trisub., tetrasub. alkenes	1670 cm⁻¹	weak
	conjugated C─C	dienes	1600 cm⁻¹	strong
	conjugated C─C		1650 cm⁻¹	strong
	with benzene ring		1625 cm⁻¹	strong
	with C═O		1600 cm⁻¹	strong
	C═C (both sp²)	any	1640–1680 cm⁻¹	medium
	aromatic C═C	any	1450 cm⁻¹	weak to strong (usually 3 or 4)
			1500 cm⁻¹
			1580 cm⁻¹
			1600 cm⁻¹
	C≡C	terminal alkynes	2100–2140 cm⁻¹	weak
	C≡C	disubst. alkynes	2190–2260 cm⁻¹	very weak (often indisinguishable)
C═O	aldehyde/ketone	saturated aliph./cyclic 6-membered	1720 cm⁻¹
		α,β-unsaturated	1685 cm⁻¹
		aromatic ketones	1685 cm⁻¹
		cyclic 5-membered	1750 cm⁻¹
		cyclic 4-membered	1775 cm⁻¹
		aldehydes	1725 cm⁻¹	influence of conjugation (as with ketones)
	carboxylic acids/derivates	saturated carboxylic acids	1710 cm⁻¹
		unsat./aromatic carb. acids	1680–1690 cm⁻¹
		esters and lactones	1735 cm⁻¹	influenced by conjugation and ring size (as with ketones)
		anhydrides	1760 cm⁻¹
		anhydrides	1820 cm⁻¹
		acyl halides	1800 cm⁻¹
		amides	1650 cm⁻¹	associated amides
		carboxylates (salts)	1550–1610 cm⁻¹
		amino acid zwitterions	1550–1610 cm⁻¹
O─H	alcohols, phenols	low concentration	3610–3670 cm⁻¹
	alcohols, phenols	high concentration	3200–3400 cm⁻¹	broad
	carboxylic acids	low concentration	3500–3560 cm⁻¹
	carboxylic acids	high concentration	3000 cm⁻¹	broad
N─H	primary amines	any	3400–3500 cm⁻¹	strong
	primary amines	any	1560–1640 cm⁻¹	strong
	secondary amines	any	>3000 cm⁻¹	weak to medium
	ammonium ions	any	2400–3200 cm⁻¹	multiple broad peaks
C─O	alcohols	primary	1040–1060 cm⁻¹	strong, broad
		secondary	~1100 cm⁻¹	strong
		tertiary	1150–1200 cm⁻¹	medium
	phenols	any	1200 cm⁻¹
	ethers	aliphatic	1120 cm⁻¹
	ethers	aromatic	1220–1260 cm⁻¹
	carboxylic acids	any	1250–1300 cm⁻¹
	esters	any	1100–1300 cm⁻¹	two bands (distinct from ketones, which don't possess a C─O bond)
C─N	aliphatic amines	any	1020–1220 cm⁻¹	often overlapped
	C═N	any	1615–1700 cm⁻¹	similar conjugation effects to C═O
	C≡N (nitriles)	unconjugated	2250 cm⁻¹	medium
	C≡N (nitriles)	conjugated	2230 cm⁻¹	medium
	R─N─C (isocyanides)	any	2165–2110 cm⁻¹
	R─N═C═S	any	2140–1990 cm⁻¹
C─X	fluoroalkanes	ordinary	1000–1100 cm⁻¹
	fluoroalkanes	trifluromethyl	1100–1200 cm⁻¹	two strong, broad bands
	chloroalkanes	any	540–760 cm⁻¹	weak to medium
	bromoalkanes	any	500–600 cm⁻¹	medium to strong
	iodoalkanes	any	500 cm⁻¹	medium to strong
N─O	nitro compounds	aliphatic	1540 cm⁻¹	stronger
		aliphatic	1380 cm⁻¹	weaker
		aromatic	1520, 1350 cm⁻¹	lower if conjugated

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